{"id":4431,"date":"2021-03-14T08:31:01","date_gmt":"2021-03-14T11:31:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biobureau.com.br\/environmental-dna-glossary\/"},"modified":"2021-03-14T08:31:01","modified_gmt":"2021-03-14T11:31:01","slug":"environmental-dna-glossary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biobureau.com.br\/en\/environmental-dna-glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Environmental DNA Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Environmental DNA (&#8220;eDNA&#8221;): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">genetic material, in the form of extracellular DNA, dispersed in the environment, whether in water, soil or air.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complementary DNA (&#8220;cDNA&#8221;): DNA strand created from the reverse transcription of a messenger RNA or viral RNA, which can then be amplified in the RT-PCR process (polymerase chain reaction, after reverse transcriptase reaction).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Metabarcoding<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">method that uses next-generation DNA sequencing to characterize communities of organisms by amplifying and identifying &#8220;barcodes&#8221; to identify them within complex samples.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Barcode of life<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">barcode of life: small DNA sequences, highly specific to each species of living being, which can be sequenced and compared to databases to identify them.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cytochrome oxidase I (&#8220;COI&#8221;)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: currently the most widely accepted gene to be used as a barcode for animal species. More specifically, subunit 1 of the mitochondrial gene of the cytochrome oxidase enzyme.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Molecular taxonomy:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> approach that uses genetic information, such as &#8220;barcodes&#8221;, to establish the identity or kinship of an organism within a taxonomic level (species, genus, family, &#8230;).<\/span><b>.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Operational taxonomic unit (&#8220;OTU&#8221;):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> assignment of sets of DNA sequences, which could not be identified to species level, but which belong to the same taxon (for example: the same family). <\/span> <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Next-generation sequencing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next-generation sequencing: a set of parallel, high-throughput sequencing technologies that allow larger DNA fragments to be sequenced faster and in an automated way.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Metagenomics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Metagenomics: similar to metabarcoding, but instead of sequencing &#8220;barcode&#8221; genes, it involves sequencing other stretches of DNA from a sample.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Gene flow<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The exchange of genetic material within or between populations due to the movement of individuals or gametes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Allelic frequency: one of the tools that can be used to characterize populations. Number of times an allele appears in a population, divided by the total number of copies of the gene in question.  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Environmental DNA (&#8220;eDNA&#8221;): genetic material, in the form of extracellular DNA, dispersed in the environment, whether in water, soil or air. Complementary DNA (&#8220;cDNA&#8221;): DNA strand created from the reverse transcription of a messenger RNA or viral RNA, which can then be amplified in the RT-PCR process (polymerase chain reaction, after reverse transcriptase reaction). Metabarcodingmethod [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[80,81],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biobureau.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4431"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biobureau.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biobureau.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biobureau.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biobureau.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4431"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/biobureau.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4431\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biobureau.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biobureau.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biobureau.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}